The diagnosis of constipation
Occasional constipation does not justify a visit to a doctor, but if constipation becomes a persistent problem, you should. The first doctor will take a medical history and ask about symptoms, duration, frequency and stool consistency and bowel movements. Then the doctor will examine your abdomen for any sign of a hardened mass and conduct a digital rectal exam (DRE). During the DRE, the doctor inserts a lubricated, gloved finger into the rectum to feel for any tenderness, obstruction or blood. In some cases, blood tests and thyroid may be necessary.
More extensive testing is reserved for people with severe symptoms. These tests include a barium enema X-ray, sigmoidoscopy, colonoscopy, colorectal transit study or anorectal function tests (anorectal manometry and defecography).
X-ray enema should be considered in the rectum, colon and lower small intestine after filling the organs with a chalky liquid to make these areas is visible. A sigmoidoscopy is an examination of the rectum and lower colon (sigmoid colon) using an observation instrument called a sigmoidoscope.
Colonoscopy is an examination of the rectum and colon using an instrument called colonscope. Colorectal transit study shows how food moves through the colon. After swallowing capsules containing small markers, the movements of the markers are seen by radiography.
Anorectal manometry evaluates the anal sphincter muscle. A catheter or air-filled balloon inserted into the anus slowly back through the sphincter muscle to measure muscle tone and contractions. Defecography is an x-ray of the anorectal region that identifies anorectal abnormalities, evaluates rectal muscle contractions and relaxation.
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